1.有理数的除法公式:a÷b=a(b≠0) 2.有理数的运算律: (1)加法运算律:a+b=b+a (2)加法结合律:(a +b) + c = a + (b + c) (3)乘法交换律:ab=ba (4)乘法结合律:(ab)c = a(bc) (5)乘法分配律:a(b +c)= ab + ac 3.完全平方公式:(a±b)²= a² ± 2ab +b2 即: (a +b)² = a² + 2ab + b² (a-b)² =a2-2ab +b2 其他变形:a² +b² =(a² +b2)-2ab a² +b² =(a²-b2)+2ab 2ab =(a + b)² - (a² +b²) 2ab =(a² +b²) - (a- b)2 (a + b)² = (a - b)² + 4ab (a- b)² =(a +b)² - 4ab (a + b)² + (a - b)²= 2a² + 2b² 4.平方差公式: (a +b)(a-b) =a²-b2
